Medicinal cannabis, derived from the cannabis plant, has been used medicinally for thousands of years. It includes products like dried flowers, oils, and extracts, primarily composed of two cannabinoids: THC, the psychoactive compound, and CBD. Medicinal cannabis differs from recreational cannabis and is classified as a Schedule 8 drug in Australia, meaning its prescription is strictly regulated by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) and the Office of Drug Control (ODC). These regulations ensure consistent dosages and controlled effects, optimizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing side effects.
Though research on medicinal cannabis is ongoing, and high-quality evidence is limited, it shows some impact in treating multiple sclerosis-related muscle pain, cancer pain, seizures, chemotherapy-induced nausea, and appetite loss in HIV or cancer patients. Prescription is based on scientific evidence proving safety and efficacy. However, the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists advises against prescribing it for non-cancer chronic pain outside registered trials.
Side effects of medicinal cannabis, particularly products containing THC, can include fatigue, dizziness, nausea, and more severe effects like hallucinations and paranoia. Additionally, despite legal access to medicinal cannabis, it remains illegal to smoke or grow it for personal use, and it is not subsidized under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), meaning patients must cover the costs. Patients are also advised not to drive, as THC can impair driving ability and remain detectable for days.
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